The Ngai Tahu Sea Fisheries Report 1992

Table of Contents

Cover Page
Publishers Details
Contents
List of Maps
Covering Letter
Karakia
Preface
01 About the Claim
	1.1 The Claim and the Proceedings
	1.2 What the Claim is About
	1.3 Development of the Fisheries Claim
	1.4 Representation
	1.5 How the Fishing Claim was Conducted
	1.6 Ward and Habib Reports
	1.7 Remedies and Recommendations
02 The Peoples Claim
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 The Importance of the Fisheries Resource to Ngai Tahu
	2.3 Pollution
	2.4 Loss of Access to Fisheries; Acclimatisation Laws and Diversion of Water
	2.5 Depletion of the Resource
	2.6 The Peoples Criticism of Present Management Systems and their Recommendations
	2.7 Remedial Action Suggested by Ngai Tahu People
	2.8 Waihora (Lake Ellesmere)
	2.9 Summary
03 The Bounty of Tangaroa
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 The Seas of Ngai Tahu
	3.3 The Customary Fishery
	3.4 Ngai Tahu Ability to Fish
	3.5 Archaeological Evidence
	3.6 Ngai Tahu Fishing at 1840: Written Accounts
	3.7 Regional Profiles
	3.8 The Habib Report
	3.9 Sealers and Whalers: The Coming of the Pakeha
	3.10 Conclusions
04 Ngai Tahu Sea Fisheries Treaty Rights at 1840
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 The Words of the Treaty
	4.3 Contexts
	4.4 "Their Fisheries"
	4.5 The Nature and Extent of Ngai Tahu Sea Fisheries Treaty Rights in 1840
05 The Crown Assumes Control of the Fishery, 1840 to 1908
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Ngai Tahu Fishing
	5.3 Crown Evidence as to Ngai Tahu and European Fishing
	5.4 European Fishing Begins
	5.5 Ngai Tahu Fishing 1861 to 1880
	5.6 Other Ngai Tahu Fisheries
	5.7 European Fishing 1860 to 1880
	5.8 The Otago Fishery
	5.9 The Southland Fishery
	5.10 Ngai Tahu Fishing 1881 to 1908
	5.11 The Impact of Land Sales
	5.12 The Crown Assumes Control of Fishing
	5.13 Fisheries Legislation 1866 to 1908
	5.14 The Crown Attitude to Maori Fishing Rights
	5.15 Maori Complaints and Protests
	5.16 Ngai Tahu Complaints and Protests
	5.17 Acclimatisation
	5.18 Ngai Tahu and the Government
	5.19 Summary and Conclusions
06 The Crown Maintains Control of the Fisheries 1908 to 1982
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Overview of the Commercial Fishery 1900 to 1982
	6.3 Restricted Licensing 1937 to 1963
	6.4 Developments 1963 to 1982
	6.5 Ngai Tahu Involvement in the South Island Fishery
	6.6 Crown Control of the Fisheries Continues - 1908 to 1982
	6.7 Maori Complaints and Protests
	6.8 Claims to Ownership of Lakes, Rivers and the Foreshore
	6.9 Ngai Tahu Protests This Century
	6.10 Summary
	6.11 Conclusions
07 From Crown Regulation to Crown Disposition of Rights to the Sea Fisheries
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 The Fisheries Act 1983
	7.3 Towards a Comprehensive Quota Management System
	7.4 The Fisheries Amendment Act 1986
	7.5 Reaction of Maori to the Quota Management System
	7.6 Court Proceedings
08 Maori Fisheries Act 1989
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Maori Fisheries Commission
	8.3 Rock Lobster Become Subject to Quota
	8.4 Taiapure
09 Profile of Modern Fisheries in the Ngai Tahu Region
	9.1 The National Industry
	9.2 Modern Fisheries in the Ngai Tahu Region
10 Ngai Tahu Sea Fisheries Treaty Rights Today
	10.1 Introduction
	10.2 The Development Right
	10.3 Fisheries Beyond Those Fished in 1840
	10.4 Territorial Seas
	10.5 Ngai Tahu Involvement in the General Fisheries Regime
	10.6 Summary
11 Treaty Principles
	11.1 Introduction
	11.2 The Status of the Treaty
	11.3 Rules of Treaty Interpretation
	11.4 Constitutional Status of the Treaty
	11.5 Principles
12 Crown Breaches of the Treaty
	12.1 Introduction
	12.2 The Eight Crown Purchases
	12.3 Crown Legislation 1866 to 1982
	12.4 The Fisheries Act 1983
	12.5 The Quota Management System
	12.6 Conclusion
	12.7 Recommendations
13 Summary of Findings and Conclusions
	13.1 Introduction
	13.2 Ngai Tahu Sea Fisheries at 1840
	13.3 Ngai Tahu Sea Fisheries Treaty Rights at 1840
	13.4 Nature and Extent of Ngai Tahu Sea Fisheries Treaty Rights in 1840
	13.5 Ngai Tahu Involvement in Sea Fishing after 1840
	13.6 Ngai Tahu Attitudes to Sea Fishing
	13.7 Settler Attitudes to Sea Fishing
	13.8 The Crowns Legislative Intervention 1866 to 1982
	13.9 The Crowns Attitude to Maori Fishing Rights
	13.10 Ngai Tahu Response to Crown Control of Sea Fisheries
	13.11 Ngai Tahu Sea Fisheries Treaty Rights Today
	13.12 Territorial Seas
	13.13 Individual Ngai Tahu Involvement in the General Fisheries Regime
	13.14 Summary of Ngai Tahu Sea Fisheries Treaty Rights Today
	13.15 The Quota Management System
	13.16 The Maori Fisheries Act 1989
14 Recommendations in Respect of Treaty Breaches
	14.1 Introduction
	14.2 Crown Breaches of the Treaty
	14.3 Recommendations Pursuant to Section 6.3 of the Treaty of Waitangi Act 1975
	14.4 Conclusion
Appendix 01 The Fisheries Claims
	1.1 Amended Claim of 2 June 1987
	1.2 Amended Claim of 25 September 1987
	1.3 Amended Claim in Respect of Fisheries (j7)
Appendix 02 Record of Inquiry
	2.1 Notice of Claim
	2.2 Appointments
	2.3 Hearings and Appearances Relating to the Fisheries Claim
Appendix 03 Record of Fisheries Documents
	3.3 Record of Fisheries Documents
Appendix 04 Fish Species
	4 Fish Species
	4.1 Commercial Inshore Finfish
	4.2 Shark Fisheries
	4.3 Shoreline Shallow Water Shellfisheries
	4.4 Others
Appendix 05 MANAGEMENT AND DIRECTION
	5.1 INTRODUCTION
	5.2 THE QUOTA MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
	5.3 STRUCTURAL ARRANGEMENTS
	5.4 CONSULTATION
Appendix 06 Glossary of Maori Terms and Words
	6 Glossary
	6.1 Glossary of Fish Terms
Index

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The Ngai Tahu Sea Fisheries Report 1992